Solid mechanics is the branch of physics and mathematics that concerns the behaviour of solid matter under external actions. It has been advanced by participating in major inventions throughout history, such as buildings, ships, auto-mobiles, railways, petroleum refineries, engines, air-planes, nuclear reactors, composite materials, computers, and medical implants.
In such connections, the discipline is also known as engineering mechanics, often practised within civil engineering, mechanical engineering, materials science and engineering, aerospace engineering, chemical engineering, electrical engineering, nuclear engineering, structural engineering, and bioengineering.
Solid mechanics has many applications. All those who seek to understand natural phenomena involving the stressing, deformation, flow, and fracture of solids, as well as all those who would have knowledge of such phenomena to improve living conditions and accomplish human objectives, have use for solid mechanics. The latter activities are, of course, the domain of engineering, and many important modern subfields of solid mechanics have been actively developed by engineering scientists concerned, for example, with mechanical, structural, materials, civil, or aerospace engineering. Natural phenomena involving solid mechanics are studied in geology, seismology, and tectonophysics, in materials science and the physics of condensed matter, and in some branches of biology and physiology. Furthermore, because solid mechanics poses challenging mathematical and computational problems, it (as well as fluid mechanics) has long been an important topic for applied mathematicians concerned, for example, with partial differential equations and with numerical techniques for digital computer formulations of physical problems.
Another reason is the wide range of applications in which these materials occur. For example, the hot metal being slowly forged during the manufacture of an aircraft component will behave very differently to the metal of an auto-mobile which crashes into a wall at high speed on a cold day.
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